Rural Development in Nepal: A Historical Perspective

Health manpower development in Nepal: A historical perspective.

Spermatozoa: A Historical Perspective

The 100,000th scientific article on the subject of spermatozoa was recently published. Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of this important cell leading to great discoveries. Since its first observation and description in 1677, many important characteristics have been described regarding this highly fascinating gamete. In this review, our objective has been to provide a historical ...

Development of Vaccine Adjuvants: a Historical Perspective

Since the earliest attempts to raise signifi cant immune responses against nonliving agents, investigators have tried to identify useful additives that can be combined with antigens to enhance immune responses. Such immuneenhancing additives are known as adjuvants. Virtually all adjuvant systems developed to date have focused on one of two mechanisms: specifi c immune activation or the delivery...

The Local Limit Theorem: A Historical Perspective

The local limit theorem describes how the density of a sum of random variables follows the normal curve. However the local limit theorem is often seen as a curiosity of no particular importance when compared with the central limit theorem. Nevertheless the local limit theorem came first and is in fact associated with the foundation of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fer...

Disease and Development in Historical Perspective

Health conditions and disease environmentsare important for economic outcomes.This paper argues that the main impact of disease environmentson the economic developmentof nations is not due to the direct effect of health conditions on income, but rather because of their indirect effect via institutions. Health does affect income directly, but this can explain only a small fraction of today’s dif...